Glossary
terms
World Cities
City Challenge partnerships – These
were based on a system of competitive bidding by local authorities who had to
develop imaginative plans involving the private sector and the local community
to gain funding
Counter-urbanization – this is the
migration of people from major urban areas to smaller towns, villages or rural
areas – often ‘leap-frogging’ the green belt
Energy recovery – the use of
methods such as incineration and composting to turn unwanted waste into useful
energy
Gentrification – this is the
process by which older, often rundown housing areas (usually close to the city
centre) become desirable once again and are physically and socially upgraded
Infrastructure – the basic
facilities, services and installations needed for the functioning of a
community or society
Megacity – a city with more than 10
million inhabitants
Millionaire city – a city with
more than 1 million inhabitants
Out-of-town retailing – Born from the
desire for one-stop shopping. Large retail centres offering a multiplicity of
services have developed on the outskirts of large towns and cities and often
have their own motorway exits for ease of access
Prestige project developments – also known as ‘flagship projects’ as they involve the creation
of innovative and eye-catching developments which aim to lead the way in
regenerating areas
Property-led regeneration – a form
of redevelopment largely associated with urban development corporations (UDCs),
with the intention that private investment would be four to five times greater
than the public money initially invested
Re-urbanization – this is the
movement of people back into urban areas, particularly the inner city or the
CBD
Suburbanization – this is the
process of population movement (and increasingly industry and retail) from the
central areas of cities to the outskirts (the suburbs), often engulfing
surrounding villages/rural areas
Sustainability – sustainability
is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to do the same. It can be categorized into
economic, environmental and social sustainability
Urban development corporation (UDC) – UCDs were set up in the 1980s and 1990s to take responsibility
for the physical, economic and social regeneration of selected inner-city areas
with large amounts of derelict and vacant land
Urban growth – an increase in
the number of urban dwellers. Classifications of urban dwellers depend on the
census definitions of urban areas, which vary from county to county. They
usually include one or more of the following criteria: population size,
population density, average distance between buildings within a settlement,
legal and/or administrative boundaries
Urbanization – this is the
growth in proportion of a country’s population that lives in towns/cities as
opposed to rural areas
Waste management – the clearance of unwanted by-products of human activity. This is
a key sustainability issue as much waste present health dangers to people and
other organisms, as well as problems of using up space
World city – a city which
has global influence as a major centre for finance, trade, politics and culture
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