Here are some Exam questions with the mark scheme after them... remember that the mark scheme shows what the examiner wants so don't just look over it..... Try and answer the questions before looking at the mark scheme so that you know what you know and what you don't know!!!
The questions are in purple, with the command word in blue and the answer in green, finally with the layering mark scheme in black.
Good luck!!!!!
Study Figure
1, a
photograph of an area in northern Pakistan after a recent earthquake.
Using Figure 1 only, comment on the evidence that suggests that
an earthquake has recently taken place. (7
marks)
 |
| Figure 1 |
Notes
for answers
This
photograph was taken in January 2006 following the October 2005
earthquake in
Kashmir. There are signs of the original earthquake in
the background in the form of landslides of mud and
rock
(sandstones).
The landslides are extensive, and very clear (whiteness).
Large
amounts of debris must have fallen into the valley below. There
is also
evidence of tented communities. An implication has to be that
many of
the original houses in the settlement have been destroyed or
are at
risk; or there have been refugees into the settlement. On the
other hand,
several buildings seem to be upstanding; perhaps this
settlement
was not as badly damaged as others in the region?
There
is evidence of some military presence . perhaps to act as
rescuers,
or to maintain order? Rubble in foreground?
Mark
scheme
Level
1 (1-4 marks) (mid point 3)
Simple listing of features from the
photograph such as landslides, tented community,
military lorries etc., with no commentary on any
aspect.
Level
2 (5-7 marks) (mid point 6)
Commentary on the nature of the
evidence as seen (as suggested in the nfa).
Some sophistication of description, and/or evidence of
geographical thinking.
(7
marks)
Describe how seismic waves and
earthquakes can be measured. (8 marks)
The magnitude of seismic waves
and earthquakes is measured on two scales.
(a) The Richter scale is a logarithmic scale - an event
measured at 7 on the scale has amplitude of
seismic waves ten times greater than one measured at 6 on the scale.
The energy release is proportional to the magnitude, so
that for each unit increase in the scale, the energy released
increases by approximately 30 times.
(b) The Mercalli scale measures
the intensity of the event and its impact. It is a 12-point scale
that runs from Level I (detected by seismometers but felt by very few
people - approximately equivalent to 2 on the Richter
scale) to Level XII (total destruction with the ground seen to shake -
approximately 8.5 on the Richter scale). Seismic records enable earthquake
frequency to be observed, but these records only date back to
1848 when an instrument capable of recording seismic waves was first
developed.
Candidates may provide details of
both scales. Detail of the equipment and
technology used, such as seismographs, is also relevant. Credit elaboration
of how the technology is used or works.
Mark scheme
Level 1 (1-4 marks) (mid point 3)
Simple references to the scales given
above, increasing numbers of the scale, but without any precision in their
use; or detailed explanation of one system only, including technology.
Level 2 (5-8 marks) (mid point 6)
Recognition that there is more than one
way in which to measure seismicity . by energy levels or by
impact or by technology. Some detail is given of more than one system.
Also credit commentary on
usefulness
if given when in this level.1
Study Figure
1 which
is an image of the sea bed of the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent land masses. Comment on the extent to which the features
shown in the image support the theory of plate tectonics. (7
marks)
 |
| Figure 1 |
Figure 1 shows two main elements
of Plate Tectonics theory: the jigsaw fit of land
either side of the Atlantic Ocean (North Africa seemingly being able
to fit
into the eastern side of the USA); and the mid Atlantic ridge (MAR)
which is
equidistant from Europe/North America, suggesting that the two
areas of
land mass have moved apart at an equal rate (sea-floor spreading).
This appears to be a very clear representation of a constructive plate boundary, with
a central rift in the MAR also being clear.
However, it is perhaps better to
attempt the jigsaw fit using the continental shelf as
shown, rather than the shape of present day continents, but on the
other hand
how easy is it to do? For example, where does the protrusion
of Newfoundland
fit . science says to the north of the UK (Cabot Fault/ Great Glen, etc)
. does this actually work?
There are also seemingly a few
seamounts on either side of the MAR (Azores,
Madeira, Canary Islands, Bermuda) . areas of hot spot activity?
How does the extensive evidence
of transform faulting fit with the theory these are
at right angles to the MAR? Students may explain these.
Mark scheme
Level 1 (1-4 marks) (Midpoint 3)
Simple listing of features from the image
such as MAR, constructive
boundary,
jigsaw fit, isolated mountains/volcanoes with no commentary or
elaboration on
any aspect. Simple statements re: theory.
Level 2 (5-7 marks) (Midpoint 6)
Commentary on the nature of the evidence
as seen (as suggested in the
nfa).
Credit sophistication of description, and/or evidence of geographical
thinking.
Describe the characteristics of, and
explain the formation of, minor forms of extrusive volcanic activity. (8 Marks)
Minor forms of extrusive volcanic
activity include:
• geysers
-
these occur when water, heated by volcanic activity,
explodes onto
the surface, for example Old Faithful, Yellowstone National Park,
USA
• hot
springs/boiling mud - sometimes the water, heated
below, does
not explode
onto the surface. If this water mixes with surface deposits,
boiling mud
is formed. Such features are very common in Iceland.
There are
hot springs at Bath in the west of England
• solfatara -
small volcanic areas without cones, produced by gases (mainly
sulphurous) escaping to the surface, for example around the
Bay of
Naples in Italy.
Mark scheme
Level 1 (1-4 marks) (Midpoint 3)
Simple identification of landforms, with
no detail of either characteristics or formation. Imbalanced. Only one landform
. max Level 1.
Level 2 (5-8 marks) (Midpoint 6)
Detail of either characteristics or
formation, possibly with some use of supportive material. The answer
progresses through the level as more is added at this level. Full mark answers
are balanced.
In what ways does volcanic activity vary in relation to the type of plate margin along which it occurs? (10 Marks)
Mark scheme
Level 1 (1-4 marks) (Midpoint 3)
Simple statements of variation of
volcanic activity between plate margins. No specific detail or elaboration
provided; or activity at one margin discussed well.
Level 2: (5-8 marks) (Midpoint 6)
Specific statements of a range of
variations. Elaboration that
demonstrates good
understanding of the interrelationships between type and frequency of volcanic activity at plate
margins. May be use of case
studies to
support.
Level 3 (9-10 marks) (Midpoint 9)
A fully developed answer, with good
elaboration of a range of variations between plate
margins. A rounded answer with a full comparison (most of
features given
in table above) of the two main types of plate margin.
Good use of case studies, though not a
requirement.
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